内分泌学
葡萄糖稳态
内科学
胰高血糖素
碳水化合物代谢
葡萄糖摄取
下丘脑
平衡
激素
瘦素
中枢神经系统
胰岛素
低血糖
新陈代谢
血糖调节
生物
医学
胰岛素抵抗
肥胖
作者
Jong Han Choi,Min‐Seon Kim
标识
DOI:10.3803/enm.2021.1364
摘要
Evidence for involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the regulation of glucose metabolism dates back to the 19th century, although the majority of the research on glucose metabolism has focused on the peripheral metabolic organs. Due to recent advances in neuroscience, it has now become clear that the CNS is indeed vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis. To achieve normoglycemia, specific populations of neurons and glia in the hypothalamus sense changes in the blood concentrations of glucose and of glucoregulatory hormones such as insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon. This information is integrated and transmitted to other areas of the brain where it eventually modulates various processes in glucose metabolism (i.e., hepatic glucose production, glucose uptake in the brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion, renal glucose reabsorption, etc.). Errors in these processes lead to hyper- or hypoglycemia. We here review the current understanding of the brain regulation of glucose metabolism.
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