烟酸
NAD+激酶
辅因子
锡尔图因
烟酰胺
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸
生物化学
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸
生物
酶
调节器
B族维生素
烟酰胺
新陈代谢
内分泌学
基因
氧化酶试验
作者
James B. Kirkland,Mirella L. Meyer-Ficca
出处
期刊:Advances in food and nutrition research
日期:2018-01-01
卷期号:: 83-149
被引量:62
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.003
摘要
Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, collectively referred to as niacin, are nutritional precursors of the bioactive molecules nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). NAD and NADP are important cofactors for most cellular redox reactions, and as such are essential to maintain cellular metabolism and respiration. NAD also serves as a cosubstrate for a large number of ADP-ribosylation enzymes with varied functions. Among the NAD-consuming enzymes identified to date are important genetic and epigenetic regulators, e.g., poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases and sirtuins. There is rapidly growing knowledge of the close connection between dietary niacin intake, NAD(P) availability, and the activity of NAD(P)-dependent epigenetic regulator enzymes. It points to an exciting role of dietary niacin intake as a central regulator of physiological processes, e.g., maintenance of genetic stability, and of epigenetic control mechanisms modulating metabolism and aging. Insight into the role of niacin and various NAD-related diseases ranging from cancer, aging, and metabolic diseases to cardiovascular problems has shifted our view of niacin as a vitamin to current views that explore its potential as a therapeutic.
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