Real‐time examination of cAMP activity at relaxin family peptide receptors using a BRET‐based biosensor

Abstract Relaxin family peptide ( RXFP s) 1‐4 receptors modulate the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) to produce a range of physiological functions. RXFP 1 and RXFP 2 increase cAMP via Gα s , whereas RXFP 3 and RXFP 4 inhibit cAMP via Gα i/o . RXFP 1 also shows a delayed increase in cAMP downstream of Gα i3 . In this study we have assessed whether the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer ( BRET )‐based biosensor CAMYEL ( cAMP sensor using YFP ‐Epac‐Rluc), which allows real‐time measurement of cAMP activity in live cells, will aid in understanding ligand‐ and cell‐specific RXFP signaling. CAMYEL detected concentration‐dependent changes in cAMP activity at RXFP 1‐4 in recombinant cell lines, using a variety of ligands with potencies comparable to those seen in conventional cAMP assays. We used RXFP 2 and RXFP 3 antagonists to demonstrate that CAMYEL detects dynamic changes in cAMP by reversing cAMP activation or inhibition respectively, with real‐time addition of antagonist after agonist stimulation. To demonstrate the utility of CAMYEL to detect cAMP activation in native cells expressing low levels of RXFP receptor, we cloned CAMYEL into a lentiviral vector and transduced THP ‐1 cells, which express low levels of RXFP 1. THP ‐1 CAMYEL cells demonstrated robust cAMP activation in response to relaxin. However, the CAMYEL assay was unable to detect the Gα i3 ‐mediated phase of RXFP 1 cAMP activation in PTX ‐treated THP ‐1 cells or HEK 293A cells with knockout of Gα s . Our data demonstrate that cytoplasmically‐expressed CAMYEL efficiently detects real‐time cAMP activation by Gα s or inhibition by Gα i/o but may not detect cAMP generated in specific intracellular compartments such as that generated by Gα i3 upon RXFP1 activation.