Digital Nudging: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomy, and Future Research Directions

The expanding realm of digital nudging presents significant challenges for current research, due to its growing volume and diversity. This necessitates a unified framework for understanding and integrating the vast literature. In response, our study introduces a comprehensive taxonomy of digital nudging, developed through the analysis of 88 peer-reviewed publications. Our four-dimensional taxonomy includes five contexts, ten forms, two levels of intrusiveness, and three levels of user impact. This taxonomy serves as a foundational tool for coherent understanding, enabling the categorization, comparison, and synthesis of diverse studies. We also provide a consistent and precise definition of digital nudging, resolving semantic ambiguities and further clarifying the field. Our findings lay the groundwork for future research directions in digital nudging and offer practical guidelines for practitioners implementing nudges across various domains.