Randomized split‐mouth clinical trial comparing osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous particle harvesting during implant surgery without irrigation and with irrigation

Abstract Objective To compare the osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous particle harvesting during implant surgery using low‐speed drilling without irrigation and high‐speed drilling with irrigation. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with bilateral missing teeth of 3.6 and 4.6 were randomized into two groups (Group 1: low‐speed drilling without irrigation and Group 2: high‐speed drilling with irrigation) and 60 single dental implants were placed. The temperature at the tip of each drill was recorded and the harvested bone was weighed; particle size and Ca and P levels were also analyzed. After osteoblast culture, cell viability, cell cycle assay, cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration, and mineralized nodule formation were assessed. Results Although the temperature of the drills was slightly higher in Group 1, no statistically significant differences were observed ( p ≤ 0.05); however, the amount of harvested bone was higher ( p < 0.001) and the size of the particles was higher ( p = 0.019). In relation to osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential, higher cell proliferation, higher number of cells in G2/M and S phases, higher cell migration capacity, higher VEGF concentration, and higher amount of mineralized nodule formation were observed in Group 1. Conclusions Low‐speed drilling without irrigation does not result in a significant increase in bone temperature compared to conventional drilling. However, a greater amount of bone is obtained; in addition, osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential are higher with this technique, but further clinical studies are necessary.