An Experimental Mice Model for Ovalbumin‐Induced Allergic Rhinitis Imbued With Copper Oxide Green Nanoparticles From Leaf Extract of Laurus nobilis

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop a safer and more effective treatment for allergic rhinitis using green‐synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) derived from Laurus nobilis ( L. nobilis ), addressing the limitations of current therapies. The environmentally friendly CuO NPs were evaluated for their antiallergic, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Various analytical techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of CuO NPs. Phytoconstituents were identified using GC–MS, and molecular docking studies indicated that eugenol and 1 H ‐cyclopropazulen‐7‐ol, present in L. nobilis leaf extract, could be potential therapeutics targeting the FGFR2 protein. The antibacterial activity of CuO NPs was significant against Gram‐positive ( Bacillus subtilis [ B. subtilis ] and Staphylococcus aureus [ S. aureus ]) and Gram‐negative ( Escherichia coli [ E. coli ] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [ K. pneumoniae ]) bacterial strains. In a mouse model, the antiallergic effects were demonstrated by a significant reduction in symptoms like rubbing and sneezing and a decrease in inflammatory cell counts and mediators, including neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, RORc, IL‐17A, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐6. The preclinical results suggest that CuO NPs possess promising antibacterial, antiallergenic, and anti‐inflammatory properties.