Modern progress in metal-organic frameworks and their composites for diverse applications

Abstract Over the last decade, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a great deal of interest in materials science due to their excellent material properties such as high surface area, porosity, high chemical and thermal stability, luminescence, high sorptive capacity, and potential use in a wide range of applications. However, several shortcomings, including laborious synthesis and analysis processes, low aqueous solubility, and poor electrical properties, are currently limiting factors for their practical application. As a means to overcome such limitations, enormous effort has been put into the development and use of MOFs composite materials (e.g., MOF-nanomaterials, MOF-carbon materials, and MOFs-polymers) in a range of applications including the energy, environmental, biomedical, and sensing areas. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art in MOF composite materials and their diverse applications. In addition, we also discuss the advantageous features of MOF composites as a promising avenue for future development.