Resolving the Dilemma of Dicarboximide Fungicides Residue Contamination: Promises and Challenges of Microbial Degradation

Dicarboximide fungicides are widely used due to their low toxicity, broad spectrum, and high efficacy. However, their extensive accumulation in the environment can alter the composition of soil microbial communities, reduce the complexity of symbiotic networks within these communities, and pose potential threats to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, removing dicarboximide fungicide residues from various environmental media is of great practical significance. Microbial degradation has become a key focus in pollutant remediation research. To date, several microorganisms, including Providencia stuartii, Brevundimonas naejangsanensis, Rhodococcus, and Arthrobacter, have been identified as capable of degrading dicarboximide fungicides, with degradation rates ranging from 50% to 80%. This paper reviews the current research and challenges in microbial degradation of dicarboximide fungicide residues, focusing on fungicidal mechanisms, environmental fate, nontarget organism toxicity, potential degrading microorganisms, and molecular mechanisms. The findings serve as a reference for the rational use and bioremediation of dicarboximide fungicides, helping to mitigate their negative impact on the environment and living organisms while promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.