Dual-Targeting Mn@CeO2 Nanozyme-Modified Probiotic Hydrogel Microspheres Reshape Gut Homeostasis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

, the nanozymes were successfully distributed onto the surface of the probiotics. MnCe@LR/AMs were then fabricated using the electrostatic spray method, enhancing their tolerance to the acidic environment of the stomach. Notably, sodium alginate (SA), through electrostatic interactions and binding to mannose receptors highly expressed at inflamed sites, conferred a dual-targeting property to MnCe@LR/AMs. In the treatment of colitis in mice, MnCe@LR/AMs were shown to function through the synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of their components. They also effectively reinforced the intestinal barrier, while improving gut microbial diversity and increasing the relative abundance of probiotics. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MnCe@LR/AMs contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by enhancing the absorption of amino acids in the gut and modulating macrophage polarization to regulate the immune response. These findings suggest that MnCe@LR/AMs hold significant promise for developing advanced IBD therapies, offering improved precision and efficacy in probiotic delivery.