Composition-Tuned (MoWV)Se2 Ternary Alloy Nanosheets as Excellent Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts

Ternary alloying of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has the potential for altering the electronic structure of materials to suit electrochemical applications. Herein, we synthesized (MoWV)Se₂ nanosheets at various compositions via a colloidal reaction. The mole fraction of V atoms (x_V) was successfully increased up to 0.8, producing a metallic phase that is highly durable against hydration. Furthermore, we synthesized (MoW)Se₂ nanosheets over the entire composition range. The atomic mixing of the ternary alloys is more random than that of the constitutional binary alloys, as supported by first-principles calculations. Compared to binary alloying, ternary alloying more effectively enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER performance increased upon increasing x_V to 0.44, and thereafter, it declined at higher x_V primarily owing to surface oxidation. The analysis of Gibbs free energy for H adsorption revealed that ternary alloying strongly activates the basal plane for the HER. VSe₂ contains numerous sites favorable for H adsorption, facilitating the composition-dependent HER. These results provide a pioneering strategy for designing multicomponent TMD catalysts that maximize the advantages of each component.