[Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy --Review].

Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is one of the serious complications mostly occurring within 100 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Risk factors of TA-TMA include genetic predispositions, GVHD, and infections. The pathophysiological mechanisms of TA-TMA start with endothelial injury caused by complement activation, which leads to microvascular thrombosis, and microvascular hemolysis, ultimately resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. In recent years, the development of complement inhibitors has markedly improved the prognosis of TA-TMA patients. This review will give an update on risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of TA-TMA, so as to provide references for clinical practice.移植相关血栓性微血管病的诊断及治疗进展.移植相关血栓性微血管病（TA-TMA）是造血干细胞移植后严重并发症之一，其多发生在移植后100 d内。受到遗传易感性、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）、感染等多种因素的影响，补体系统异常激活，引起内皮细胞损伤，微血管内溶血性贫血，微血栓形成，最终造成多器官功能障碍。近年来靶向补体系统的药物在临床试验中疗效显著，为临床治疗提供更多选择。本文将归纳总结TA-TMA的危险因素、临床表现、诊断及治疗相关最新进展，以期为TA-TMA的诊断和治疗提供新思路。.