Effects of 4 Different Velocity-Based Resistance-Training Programming Models on Physical Performance

Purpose : To examine the effects of 4 programming models (linear [LP], undulating [UP], reverse [RP], and constant [CP]) on physical performance. Methods : Forty-eight moderately strength-trained men were randomly assigned to LP, UP, RP, and CP groups according to their 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the full-squat exercise (SQ) and followed an 8-week training intervention using the SQ and monitoring movement velocity for every repetition. All groups trained with similar mean relative intensity (65% 1RM), number of repetitions (240), sets (3), and interset recovery (4 min) throughout the training program. Pretraining and posttraining measurements included, in the SQ, 1RM load, the average velocity attained for all absolute loads common to pretests and posttests (AV), and the average velocity for loads that were moved faster (AV > 1) and slower (AV < 1) than 1 m·s −1 at pretraining tests. Moreover, countermovement jump height and 20-m running sprint time were measured. Results : A significant time effect was found for all variables analyzed ( P < .05), except for 20-m running sprint time. Significant group × time interactions were observed for 1RM, AV > 1, and AV ( P < .05). After training, all groups attained significant strength gains on 1RM, AV, AV > 1, and AV < 1 ( P < .001–.01). LP and RP groups improved their countermovement jump height ( P < .01), but no significant changes were observed for UP and CP. No significant improvements were achieved in 20-m running sprint time for any groups. Conclusions : These different programming models are all suitable for improving physical performance. LP and RP induce similar or greater gains in physical performance than UP and CP.