Mobile-assisted language learning with Babbel and Duolingo: comparing L2 learning gains and user experience

AbstractAbstractDespite the influx of research examining various aspects of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) applications (apps) over the past two decades, there have been no head-to-head studies that have investigated the comparative effectiveness of different mobile apps. The current study addresses this gap by directly comparing two of the most well-researched and popular MALL apps: Babbel and Duolingo. In this mixed methods study, adult learners (N = 59) engaged in studying Turkish as a foreign language using either Babbel (n = 27) or Duolingo (n = 32) for eight weeks. Participants then completed two exit assessments, including (1) a posttest gauging their development of various language skills (i.e. reading, writing, speaking, listening, vocabulary, and grammatical competence), and (2) a survey assessing their user experience (e.g. enjoyment, motivation, beliefs about effectiveness). The results of this study showed that although both the Babbel and Duolingo groups made progress, there were no statistically significant differences between their L2 learning gains. However, for the Babbel group, there was a stronger correlation between participants' study time and their posttest scores. Finally, Babbel users also felt the app was more effective for learning grammar, speaking/pronunciation skills, and for learning about the target language culture. This study discusses the implications of these findings for researchers and MALL users more broadly.Keywords: CALLgaminglearner beliefsmobile appsmotivation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMatt KesslerMatt Kessler is an Assistant Professor at the University of South Florida in the Department of World Languages. His research focuses on issues surrounding L2 writing, genre-based teaching and learning, and computer-assisted language learning. E-mail: mattjkess@gmail.comShawn LoewenShawn Loewen is a Professor at Michigan State University in the Department of Linguistics, Languages, and Cultures. His research centers on second language acquisition and L2 classroom interaction. E-mail: loewens@msu.eduTalip GönülalTalip Gönülal is an Associate Professor at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University in the Department of English Language Teaching. His research centers on quantitative research methods, statistical literacy, and technology-enhanced language teaching and learning. E-mail: talip.gonulal@erzincan.edu.trNotes1 In the background-screening questionnaire, we inquired as to whether participants had previously used Babbel or Duolingo. Those who had preexisting, unfavorable views of either app were not included in the study. We also provided participants with the opportunity to select a preference for which app they used during the study. For all participants who made such a request, their request was granted.