Modification, application and expansion of electrode materials based on cobalt telluride

Metal (Li, Na, K, Al)-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur and lithium-tellurium batteries are gaining recognition for their eco-friendly characteristics, substantial energy density, and sustainable attributes. However, the overall performance of rechargeable batteries heavily depends on their electrode materials. Transition metal tellurides have recently gained significant attention due to their high electrical conductivity and density. Cobalt telluride has received the most extensive research due to its catalytic activity, unique magnetic properties, and diverse composition and crystal structure. Nevertheless, its limited conductivity and significant volume variation contribute to electrode structural deterioration and rapid capacity decline. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in rational design and synthesis of modified cobalt telluride-based electrodes, encompassing defect engineering (Te vacancies, cation vacancies, heterointerfaces, and homogeneous interfaces) and composite engineering (derived carbon from precursors, carbon fibers, Mxene, graphene nanosheets, etc.). Particularly, the intricate evolution mechanisms of the conversion reaction process during cycling are elucidated. Furthermore, these modified strategies applied to other transitional metal tellurides, such as iron telluride, nickel telluride, zinc telluride, copper telluride, molybdenum telluride, etc., are also thoroughly summarized. Additionally, their application extends to emerging aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Finally, potential challenges and prospects are discussed to further propel the development of transition metal tellurides electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries.