Preparation and Hemostatic Effect of Micro-Nanograded Porous Particles Doped with Dopamine-Based Water-Triggered Intelligent Composite Adhesives

The wet environment of water or tissue in bleeding wounds poses significant challenges to the adhesion performance of existing hemostatic adhesives. An intelligent composite adhesive prepared by doping starch-based silicate micro-nanograded porous particles (MBC@CMS) with dopamine-hyperbranched polymers (HPD, 7800 M_w) synthesized by the Michael addition reaction could be triggered by water to form a glue (MBC@CMS-HPD). The results indicated that MBC@CMS-HPD could still have adhesion properties under running water washing and water immersion and could effectively seal the water outlet. The results of the glue-forming mechanism showed that MBC@CMS-HPD had better wettability than water, which could eliminate water molecules at the wet adhesive surface. When contacted with water, the agglomeration of the HPD hydrophobic chain increases the exposure of the catechol group, and the relative atomic mass of the N element on the surface increases from 2.8 to 4.8%. The adhesion of MBC@CMS-HPD was enhanced and stable. MBC@CMS-HPD showed significant hemostasis effects in five injury bleeding models of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and New Zealand rabbits. Especially in the fatal femoral artery bleeding model of New Zealand rabbits, MBC@CMS-HPD reduced the amount of bleeding by 75% and shortened the bleeding time by 78% compared with the a-cyanoacrylate adhesives. The results of the coagulation mechanism showed that compared with HPD, MBC@CMS-HPD could activate both endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways. Among them, after contact with blood, HPD formed a gel to close the blood outlet, and MBC@CMS entered the wound to activate the internal and external coagulation pathways. In addition, HPD and MBC@CMS had good histocompatibility and degradability, which has the potential to be applied to different wounds.