[Clinical update in critical care of pulmonary medicine 2023].

This article reviewed the clinical progress in the field of pulmonary and critial care medicine, both domestically and internationally during the year 2023 (from October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023). In 2023, there have been significant modifications to the global definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). These include the inclusion of SpO2/FiO2 as a diagnostic criterion for ARDS, the addition of parameters for high-flow nasal cannula humidified oxygen therapy as a basis for diagnosing ARDS in non-intubated patients, clarification of the need to diagnose ARDS in non-intubated patients with PEEP≥5 cmH2O under non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and the increased diagnostic value of ultrasound. Bedside electrical impedance, transpulmonary pressure and severe ultrasound provide effective means for for individualized assessment of critically ill patients. End-tidal alveolar dead space fraction, intestinal microecological imbalance, and ICU-acquired weakness are important warning indicators for the prognosis of critically ill patients. Machine learning models based on big data can effectively predict the prognosis of critically ill patients, and ECMO combined with prone positioning can improve patient outcomes. Cognition and fatigue were the most common persistent symptoms in critically ill patients after discharge. Intervention on specific cellular subtypes of lung injury receptors may be a future target for personalized treatment of lung injury tissue repair.本文回顾国内外呼吸危重症领域在2023 年度（2022 年 10 月 1 日到 2023 年 9 月 30 日）的临床研究进展。2023年发布的ARDS新全球定义做了较大修改：纳入SpO2/FiO2作为ARDS诊断标准，新增经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗参数作为不插管患者ARDS诊断依据，明确无创正压通气下PEEP≥5 cmH2O诊断不插管患者ARDS的必要性，并增加超声诊断价值等；床旁电阻抗、跨肺压和重症超声为危重患者个体化评估提供有效手段；终末肺泡死腔分数、肠道微生态失衡、ICU获得性虚弱等是危重症预后重要预警指标；基于大数据建立机器学习模型可有效预测危重症预后；ECMO联合俯卧位可改善患者预后；认知障碍、疲劳等是危重症患者出院后最常见的持续症状；对肺损伤特定细胞亚型受体进行干预可能是未来肺损伤组织修复个体化治疗的靶点。.