嵌合抗原受体
重编程
细胞疗法
过继性细胞移植
T细胞
CD8型
细胞毒性T细胞
癌症研究
免疫系统
免疫学
生物
医学
计算生物学
细胞
干细胞
细胞生物学
遗传学
体外
作者
Somayeh Vandghanooni,Morteza Eskandani,Zohreh Sanaat,Yadollah Omidi
出处
期刊:Life Sciences
[Elsevier]
日期:2022-11-01
卷期号:309: 121016-121016
被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121016
摘要
As genetically engineered cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells express specific receptors on their surface to target and eliminate malignant cells. CAR proteins are equipped with elements that enhance the activity and survival of T cells. Once injected, CAR-T cells act as a "living drug" against tumor cells in the body. Up to now, CAR-T cell therapy has been demonstrated as a robust adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapeutic modality for eliminating tumor cells in refractory hematological malignancies. CAR-T cell therapy modality involves several steps, including the collecting of the blood from patients, the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the enrichment of CD4+/CD8+ T cell, the genetic reprogramming, the expansion of modified T cells, and the injection of genetically engineered T cells. The production of CAR-T cells is a multi-step procedure, which needs precise and safety management systems, including good manufacturing practice (GMP), and in-line quality control and assurance. The current study describes the structure of CARs and concentrates on the next generations of CARs that are engaged in enhancing the anti-tumor responses and safety of the engineered T cells. This paper also highlights the important concerns in quality control and nonclinical research of CAR-T cells, as well as general insights into the manufacture, reprogramming, and application of CAR-T cells based on new and enhanced techniques for treating hematological malignancies. Besides, the application of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology and nanocarrier-based delivery systems containing CAR coding sequences to overcome the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy has also been explained.
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