单糖
双糖酶
肠细胞
乳糖
生物化学
蔗糖酶
化学
蔗糖
画笔边框
糖
果糖
半乳糖
葡萄糖转运蛋白
乳糖酶
麦芽糖
碳水化合物
小肠
生物
酶
胰岛素
小泡
膜
内分泌学
标识
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i11.1657
摘要
Carbohydrates are an important component of the diet. The carbohydrates that we ingest range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) to disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) to complex polysaccharides. Most carbohydrates are digested by salivary and pancreatic amylases, and are further broken down into monosaccharides by enzymes in the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes. For example, lactase-phloridzin hydrolase and sucrase-isomaltase are two disaccharidases involved in the hydrolysis of nutritionally important disaccharides. Once monosaccharides are presented to the BBM, mature enterocytes expressing nutrient transporters transport the sugars into the enterocytes. This paper reviews the early studies that contributed to the development of a working model of intestinal sugar transport, and details the recent advances made in understanding the process by which sugars are absorbed in the intestine.
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