Delivery of mRNA vaccine with a lipid-like material potentiates antitumor efficacy through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling

Significance Our study has identified a minimalist nanovaccine with C1 lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that effectively promotes mRNA delivery and antigen presentation with a self-adjuvant feature through activating TLR4 signaling. The C1 LNP mRNA nanovaccine exhibited significant in vivo efficacy in both tumor prevention and therapeutic vaccine settings. Therefore, our work presents a mRNA nanovaccine platform for developing cancer immunotherapy for a wide range of tumor types.