自愈水凝胶
变形
材料科学
纳米技术
执行机构
电场
制作
软机器人
各向异性
智能材料
模板
杰纳斯
组织工程
电极
微尺度化学
3D打印
计算机科学
光学
化学
高分子化学
物理
医学
病理
物理化学
人工智能
量子力学
替代医学
计算机视觉
作者
Qing Zhu,Chen Dai,Daniel A. Wagner,Olena Khoruzhenko,Wei Hong,Josef Breu,Qiang Zheng,Zi Liang Wu
标识
DOI:10.1002/advs.202102353
摘要
Anisotropic structures are ubiquitous in nature, affording fascinating morphing behaviors. Biomimetic morphing materials can be developed by spatially controlling the orientations of molecules or nanofillers that produce anisotropic responses and internal stresses under external stimuli. However, it remains a serious challenge to fabricate materials with sophisticated anisotropic architectures. Here, a facile strategy to fabricate morphing hydrogels with elaborately ordered structures of nanosheets, which are oriented under distributed electric field and immobilized by polymerization to form a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) matrix, is proposed. Diverse sophisticated anisotropic structures are obtained by engineering the electric field through the patterns and relative locations of the electrodes. Upon heating, the monolithic hydrogels with through-thickness and/or in-plane gradients in orientation of the nanosheets deform into various three-dimensional configurations. After incorporating gold nanoparticles, the hydrogels become photoresponsive and capable of programmable motions, for example, dynamic twisting and flipping under spatiotemporal stimuli. Such a strategy of using patterned electrodes to generate distributed electric field should be applicable to systems of liquid crystals or charged particles/molecules to direct orientation or electrophoresis and form functional structures. The biomimetically architectured hydrogels would be ideal materials to develop artificial muscles, soft actuators/robots, and biomedical devices with versatile applications.
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