软物质
纳米技术
生物医学
功能(生物学)
细胞器
生化工程
化学
生物
材料科学
生物信息学
进化生物学
细胞生物学
工程类
胶体
物理化学
作者
Zhengyu Xu,Wei Wang,Yi Cao,Bin Xue
出处
期刊:Supramolecular materials
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-12-01
卷期号:2: 100049-100049
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.supmat.2023.100049
摘要
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a captivating phenomenon in which a uniform mixture spontaneously divides into two liquid phases with differing component concentrations. It is prevalent in soft matter, is observed in systems involving polymers, organic molecules, and proteins, and is influenced by environmental factors and component properties. Recent recognition of LLPS within living organisms reveals its role in creating cellular compartments to orchestrate complex biochemical reactions, requiring distinct boundaries and unhindered molecular movement. Nonmembrane compartments, stemming from cytoplasmic LLPS, such as nucleoli, hold promise for synthetic cell engineering and cellular function insights. Under certain conditions, LLPS is linked to diseases such as sickle-cell disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review offers a concise overview of LLPS in soft matter, emphasizing its relevance in soft material engineering. We delve into fundamental mechanisms, focusing on biological systems, and explore the implications of LLPS, spanning organelles, substance exchange, molecular diffusion, and disease associations. LLPS enables soft material engineering, with applications in biomedicine and bioengineering, shaping future possibilities in bioengineering, from foundational cellular constructs to intricate artificial tissue development.
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