流利
传递关系
心理学
加工流畅性
认知心理学
任务(项目管理)
认知
过程(计算)
工作记忆
复制(统计)
口语流利性测试
社会心理学
计算机科学
神经心理学
数学
统计
数学教育
管理
组合数学
神经科学
经济
操作系统
作者
Ulrich von Hecker,Paul H. P. Hanel,Zixi Jin,Piotr Winkielman
标识
DOI:10.1080/02699931.2022.2161482
摘要
ABSTRACTPeople can support abstract reasoning by using mental models with spatial simulations. Such models are employed when people represent elements in terms of ordered dimensions (e.g. who is oldest, Tom, Dick, or Harry). We test and find that the process of forming and using such mental models can influence the liking of its elements (e.g. Tom, Dick, or Harry). The presumed internal structure of such models (linear-transitive array of elements), generates variations in processing ease (fluency) when using the model in working memory (see the Symbolic Distance Effect, SDE). Specifically, processing of pairs where elements have larger distances along the order should be easier compared to pairs with smaller distances. Elements from easier pairs should be liked more than elements from difficult pairs (fluency being hedonically positive). Experiment 1 shows that unfamiliar ideographs are liked more when at wider distances and therefore easier to process. Experiment 2 replicates this effect with non-words. Experiment 3 rules out a non-spatial explanation of the effect while Experiments 4 offers a high-powered replication. Experiment 5 shows that the spatial effect spontaneously emerges after learning, even without a task that explicitly focuses on fluency. Experiment 6 employed a shorter array, but yielded no significant results.
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