Dual chemical bonding construction of electrochemical peptide sensor based on GDY/MOFs(Fe) composite for ultra-low determination of prostate-specific antigen

A novel "double chemical bonding" electrochemical peptide biosensor 2FcP-GA-GDY(Fe)@NMIL-B was developed for highly selective, ultrasensitive, and ultrastable identification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The C-Fe-O chemical bond linking Fe-Graphdiyne (Fe-GDY) with NH2-MIL88B(Fe) (NMIL88B) as the first chemical bonding of electrode carrier Fe-GDY@NH2-MIL88B(Fe) (GDY(Fe)@NMIL) significantly accelerates electron transport. With glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent, the Schiff-base -N=C- formed by GDY(Fe)@NMIL nanocomposites links the two Fc molecules labeled peptides (2FcP) as the second chemical bonding, facilitating high-density attachment of peptides to the electrode carrier in a firm manner. When the PSA analyte is introduced to identify and cleave the specific peptide, the release of ferrocene from its head leads to a decrease in the electrical signal, enabling sensitive detection. The prepared sensing platform exhibits exceptional analytical performance for PSA with an extended linear response range from 10 fg·mL-1 to 50 ng·mL-1. Additionally, the detection limit has been significantly reduced to an ultra-low level of only 0.94 fg·mL-1, surpassing those reported in most literature by several orders of magnitude. Moreover, the 2FcP-GA-GDY(Fe)@NMIL-B sensor has excellent selectivity and stability while also showcasing great potential for practical application of PSA detection in human serum using the standard addition method.