Advances in Nanotechnology-Enhanced Delivery Systems of Geraniol: A Promising Future in Cancer Therapeutics

Geraniol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid found in essential oils of several aromatic plants, exhibits numerous therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. However, its therapeutic potential is hindered by poor water solubility, limited bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. Nanotechnology- based delivery systems offer a promising solution to these challenges, by enhancing the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of geraniol through advanced delivery systems in cancer treatment. This review critically examines recent advances in nanotechnology- based delivery systems for geraniol, exploring various nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles. The review also highlights the mechanisms by which these nanocarriers improve geraniol's pharmacokinetic profile, its targeted delivery to cancer cells, and its impact on overcoming multidrug resistance. Future perspectives and potential clinical applications are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness the potential of geraniol in cancer therapy.