GC‐MS Based Metabolomics for Rapid Simultaneous Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Muenchen, and Salmonella Hartford in Ground Beef and Chicken

A metabolomic-based method for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Hartford, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Muenchen in nonselective media was developed. All pathogenic bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37 °C followed by metabolite quantification at 2-h intervals for 24 h. Results were compared with the metabolite profiles similarly obtained with E. coli K12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cereviseae, and Aspergillus oryzae grown individually or as a cocktail under the same conditions. Principal component analysis (PCAS) discriminated pathogenic microorganisms grown in TSB. Metabolites responsible of PCAS classification were dextrose, cadaverine, the aminoacids L-histidine, glycine, and L-tyrosine, as well as the volatiles 1-octanol, 1-propanol, 1butanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. Partial least square (PLS) models based on the overall metabolite profile of each bacteria were able to detect the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. at levels of approximately 7 ± 2 CFU/25 g of ground beef and chicken within 18 h.