Mangiferin inhibited neuroinflammation through regulating microglial polarization and suppressing NF-κB, NLRP3 pathway

Inflammation plays important roles in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microglia is responsible for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), and involved in the neuroinflammation. Therefore, it could be potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to suppress the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Mangiferin, a major glucoside of xanthone in Anemarrhena Rhizome, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the effect of mangiferin on the inflammatary responses of microglia cells are still poorly understand. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which mangiferin inhibited inflammation in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells. BV2 cells were pretreatment with mangiferin followed by LPS stimulation. In vitro assays, NO and cytokines production were quantified. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to examine the effect of mangiferin on the polarization of BV2 cells and signaling pathway. The results showed that mangiferin treatment significantly reduced NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production, also reduced the mRNA and protein of iNOS and COX-2, promoted the polarization of inflammatory toward anti-inflammatory, and inhibited activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. These data suggest that mangiferin has an anti-neuroinflammatory property via regulating microglia macrophage polarization and suppressing NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway, and may act as a potential natural therapeutic candidate for neuroinflammatory diseases.