Integrating Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Analyse and Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Mung Bean Polyphenols on Intestinal Cell Damage Under Different Heat Stress Temperatures

Background/Objectives: Polyphenols represent a new strategy of dietary intervention for heat stress regulation. Methods: The metabolic and genetic effects of three heat stress-regulated mung bean polyphenols on mouse small intestinal epithelial Mode-k cells were investigated by metabolomics–transcriptomics correlation analysis at different heat stress levels. Results: Lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and nervous system pathways were the key metabolic regulatory pathways. Under the heat stresses of 39 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C, the key pathways regulated by mung bean polyphenols on intestinal epithelial Mode-k cells were choline metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and the retrograde endorphin signalling pathway in cancer, respectively. FoxO, Rap1, and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways were the key environmental regulatory signalling pathways. Mung bean polyphenols can alleviate heat stress-induced cells at 39 °C by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting lipid and amino acid accumulation. Mung bean polyphenols can alleviate the threat of cell death caused by heat stress at 41 °C by regulating heat shock proteins, inhibiting mitochondrial function and some nerve disease-related genes. The threat of cell death by heat stress at 43 °C can be alleviated by regulating nerve-related genes. Conclusions: This study confirmed that mung bean polyphenols can regulate heat stress. The results provide a reference for analysing the mechanism of dietary polyphenol regulating heat stress.