Effects of interior angle and inclination angle of slot defect on electromagnetic-stress behaviours of superconducting swing system

Abstract Currently, copper-oxygen high-temperature superconducting materials have strongly anisotropic electromagnetic properties, which are difficult to describe in the equations. And in the rotating machine containing the permanent magnet (PM) rotor and bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) stator, when the HTSs have defects, their electromagnetic-stress behaviours may affect the mechanical stability of the equipment and even cause it to not work properly. In this paper, we proposed an anisotropic electromagnetic equation based on the H -formulation and established a three-dimensional coupled model with the magnetic, thermal and stress fields to study the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a HTS with a slot defect during the swing of a PM, discussing the effects of the interior angle and inclination angle of the defect on the behaviours. The results show that the interior and inclination angles of the defect have a large influence on the electromagnetic-stress behaviours. For the electromagnetic characteristics, the main influence is on the rotational losses. Especially the losses at an inclination angle of 60° are 16.5 times those without damage. This is related to the ‘thin wall’ structure near the upper surface of the HTS. The stress concentration point appears on the defect boundary. The novelty of this paper is the proposal of the anisotropic electromagnetic equations based on the H -formulation and the study of the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a superconducting swing system containing a PM and HTS with a slot defect from a three-dimensional perspective. The research results of this paper can be the references for the design and structural protection of superconducting rotating machines.