The Osteocutaneous Anchor of the Face: Zygomatic Cutaneous Ligament—Quantitative Topographic Map and Histologic Proof

Quantitative 3-dimensional data on the zygomatic cutaneous ligament (ZCL) are scarce, hindering nerve-sparing planning in midface procedures. This cadaveric study evaluated the segmental vertical profile of the ZCL relative to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and verified its periosteum-to-dermis continuity. Fifteen formalin-fixed adult heads (30 hemifaces) were examined; ZCL height was measured with a digital caliper at the AB, BC, CD, and EF segments of an FH-based. Mean FH-perpendicular distances were AB 7.5±1.8 mm, BC 14.2±3.1 mm, CD 10.9±2.5 mm, and EF 19.6±2.6 mm, with intersegment variability ≤3 mm. The upper-face/total-face ratio (UF/T) showed no significant correlation with ZCL height (|ρ| ≤0.30; P >0.45), indicating that the ligament is a stable landmark independent of facial proportions. A mean 13.3±3.8 mm interval between the zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments delineated a potential nerve-safe dissection corridor. Masson trichrome staining revealed a fibro-elastic band of dense collagen with sparse elastic fibers extending from periosteum to dermis, confirming the osteocutaneous nature of the ZCL. These repeatable millimetric references may improve neurovascular safety in deep-plane facelifts, endoscopic midface lifts, and volumetric filler placement.