Simultaneously Tailoring Hydrostability and Photoelectroactivity in Heterocluster Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

) and surpassing most reported MOF-based photocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that bromine substitution optimizes electronic structure, refines orbital distribution, and accelerates charge separation, ultimately leading to promoted photocatalytic efficiency. This research provides insights into the structure-property interplay in heterocluster MOFs and establishes a paradigm for designing robust, high-performance photocatalysts through precise cluster engineering.