Bibliometric analysis of the interplay between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Trends, hotspots, and emerging research areas

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are major global health concerns, characterized by rising prevalence, high healthcare costs, and significant reductions in patients’ quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with T2DM have nearly double the risk of developing AD, potentially due to overlapping mechanisms such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Objective This study aims to systematically explore the evolving research landscape at the intersection of T2DM and AD over the past two decades, identifying major contributors, shifting research focuses, and emerging trends to inform future investigations and therapeutic development. Methods A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) spanning 2000 to 2024. A total of 3087 publications were analyzed using CiteSpace and the R package bibliometrix to assess publication trends, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. Results The number of publications has steadily increased, with the United States and China emerging as dominant contributors. Institutions such as the University of California and Harvard University led in productivity and influence. Early research emphasized broad risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidities, while recent studies have shifted toward molecular mechanisms, particularly insulin resistance, neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress. Conclusions This 24-year bibliometric overview reveals a dynamic and expanding research field linking T2DM and AD. The findings highlight key geographic and institutional contributors, evolving thematic foci, and knowledge gaps, offering a valuable foundation for future research and potential therapeutic innovations.