重编程
细胞生物学
外小体复合体
转录因子
生物
外体
核糖核酸
化学生物学
细胞分化
细胞
微泡
小RNA
基因
遗传学
非编码RNA
作者
Yan Jin,Yunkun Lu,Lian‐Yu Lin,Chao Liu,Xiaojie Ma,Xi Chen,Ziyu Zhou,Zhensheng Hu,Jiaqi Pu,Chen Guo,Qian Deng,Liling Jiang,Y. Li,Yanyan Zhao,Hao Wang,Junfen Fu,Wei Li,Saiyong Zhu
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2215155120
摘要
Chemistry-alone approach has recently been applied for incepting pluripotency in somatic cells, representing a breakthrough in biology. However, chemical reprogramming is hampered by low efficiency, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Particularly, chemical compounds do not have specific DNA-recognition domains or transcription regulatory domains, and then how do small molecules work as a driving force for reinstating pluripotency in somatic cells? Furthermore, how to efficiently clear materials and structures of an old cell to prepare the rebuilding of a new one? Here, we show that small molecule CD3254 activates endogenous existing transcription factor RXRα to significantly promote mouse chemical reprogramming. Mechanistically, CD3254–RXRα axis can directly activate all the 11 RNA exosome component genes ( Exosc1–10 and Dis3 ) at transcriptional level. Unexpectedly, rather than degrading mRNAs as its substrates, RNA exosome mainly modulates the degradation of transposable element (TE)-associated RNAs, particularly MMVL30 , which is identified as a new barrier for cell-fate determination. In turn, MMVL30 -mediated inflammation (IFN-γ and TNF-α pathways) is reduced, contributing to the promotion of successful reprogramming. Collectively, our study provides conceptual advances for translating environmental cues into pluripotency inception, particularly, identifies that CD3254–RXRα–RNA exosome axis can promote chemical reprogramming, and suggests modulation of TE-mediated inflammation via CD3254-inducible RNA exosome as important opportunities for controlling cell fates and regenerative medicine.
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