The influence of HKUST-1 and MOF-76 hand grinding/mechanical activation on stability, particle size, textural properties and carbon dioxide sorption

Abstract In this study, we explore the mechanical treatment of two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), HKUST-1 and MOF-76, applying various milling methods to assess their impact on stability, porosity, and CO 2 adsorption capacity. The effects of different mechanical grinding techniques, such as high-energy ball milling and hand grinding, on these MOFs were compared. The impact of milling time, milling speed and ball size during high-energy ball milling was assessed via the Design of Experiments methodology, namely using a 3 3 Taguchi orthogonal array. The results highlight a marked improvement in CO 2 adsorption capacity for HKUST-1 through hand milling, increasing from an initial 25.70 wt.% (5.84 mmol g -1 ) to 41.37 wt.% (9.40 mmol g -1 ), marking a significant 38% increase. In contrast, high-energy ball milling seems to worsen this property, diminishing the CO 2 adsorption abilities of the materials. Notably, MOF-76 shows resistance to hand grinding, closely resembling the original sample’s performance. Hand grinding also proved to be well reproducible. These findings clarify the complex effects of mechanical milling on MOF materials, emphasising the necessity of choosing the proper processing techniques to enhance their stability, texture, and performance in CO 2 capture and storage applications.