The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis: is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer.TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues; yet in many cancer tissues, it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter.Additionally, the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion, suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene.However, in some cancers, poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression, indicating its protumor growth characteristics, especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells.This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development, with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.Abbreviations 5-aza-dC 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine AGBL2 ATP/GTP binding protein-like 2 AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase CCP2 Cytoplasmic carboxypeptidase 2 CCPs Cytosolic carboxypeptidases CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase