AI-Related Job Crafting to (In) Congruence Between Human-AI Collaboration Job Demands and Resources

Human-AI collaboration (HAI-C) becomes the new working model and brings a range of novel job demands and job resources. Based on the job demands-resources model (JD-R), this research conceptualizes and develops the concept of HAI-C job demands and job resources and explores how (in)congruence between HAI-C job demands and job resources impacts employee’s AI-related job crafting. In Study 1, we establish a reliable, valid scale to measure HAI-C job demands and job resources based on a semi-structured review and literature analysis. Results suggested that the six factors explain the construct of HAI-C job demands and job resources well, with high reliability and quality. In Study 2, we recruited employees from a range of industries who work with AI in daily tasks. After that, 400 valid three-wave lagged questionnaires were collected. Results showed that employees behave more AI-related job crafting when there is a fit between HAI-C job demands and job resources, even when fit at low levels. When HAI-C job demands extends or falls short of an employee’ HAI-C job resources, employees should behave less in job crafting. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.