The Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT) and Tissue Regeneration

Recent studies have brought endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a special perspective of epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) into eyes. Traditionally, EndMT is considered as a source for fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and it is extensively investigated in physiologic cardiac development as well as in pathologic tumor and fibrosis. Recently, new studies have found that EndMT-transformed cells had ‘stemness’, which means they could differentiate into chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and adipoblasts in differential culture, respectively. This gives EndMT a bright application future in tissue engineering and regeneration, especially for the formation of cartilage and bone. Keywords: Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), EndMTtransformed cells, tissue regeneration, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).