Controlled synthesis of tungsten trioxide with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates by rapid breakdown anodization

Herein, electrochemical synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates is demonstrated. Under a breakdown anodization potential of 25 V at 50 °C, tungsten foil anode was efficiently electro-oxidized into WO3nanoplates-aggragated globular clusters powder, rather than a thin film structure as conventional anodization occurs. The WO3globular clusters were characterized by SEM, TEM, and XRD. Effects of electrolyte composition on the breakdown anodization of the W substrate has been discussed. It is suggested that the growth of the WO3nanoplates is initiated by localized anodic dielectric breakdown, and followed by an effective crystal growth in the electrolyte at high breakdown field.