NAD+激酶
嘌呤能受体
生物
腺苷
嘌呤
细胞外
细胞内
嘌呤能信号
CD38
嘌呤代谢
细胞生物学
腺苷脱氨酶
生物化学
受体
腺苷受体
酶
川地34
兴奋剂
干细胞
作者
Joel Linden,Friedrich Koch-Nolte,Gerhard Dahl
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Immunology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2019-04-26
卷期号:37 (1): 325-347
被引量:201
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052406
摘要
ATP, NAD + , and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in response to cell lysis, apoptosis, degranulation, or membrane pore formation. In general ATP and NAD + have excitatory and adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of purine release mechanisms, ectoenzymes that metabolize purines (CD38, CD39, CD73, ENPP1, and ENPP2/autotaxin), and signaling by key P2 purinergic receptors (P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12). In addition to metabolizing ATP or NAD + , some purinergic ectoenzymes metabolize other inflammatory modulators, notably lysophosphatidic acid and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Also discussed are extracellular signaling effects of NAD + mediated by ADP-ribosylation, and epigenetic effects of intracellular adenosine mediated by modification of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methylation.
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