Photon-counting CT-angiography in comparison to digital subtraction angiography for assessing intracranial aneurysms after coiling or clipping

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the potential of Photon-Counting Detector CT Angiography (PCD-CTA) for the post-interventional assessment of intracranial aneurysms treated with coil-embolization or clipping, compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with coils or clips between April 2023 and May 2024, who underwent PCD-CTA and, if necessary, DSA as part of their clinical routine. Polyenergetic images and spectral reconstructions were performed at different kiloelectron volt (keV) levels (40, 80 and 120) and with reconstruction kernels: Quantitative (Qr56 and Qr72) and Head vessel (Hv56 and Hv72), both with and without iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR). Three independent readers assessed image quality using a 5-point Likert scale and region of interest analysis. A blinded, independent reading was performed to determine the presence of aneurysm remnants and intracranial vessel stenosis in the parent vessel. Results A total of 21 patients (mean age 58 ± 14 years; range 36–74; 18 women) with intracranial, saccular aneurysms treated with either clipping (17/21) or coiling (4/21) were included. Reconstructions using smooth kernels (Hv56, Qr56) at a low keV level (40 keV) yielded increased signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios compared to sharper kernels (Hv72, Qr72) and higher keV levels (80 and 120 keV) ( p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, reconstructions with iMAR negatively impacted evaluation, with only 6/21 diagnostic images at the clip site. The sensitivity of PCD-CTA for detecting aneurysm remnants was 100% (7 of 7 aneurysm clip/coil site), while specificity was 89% for patients with clips (8/9). A 100% negative predictive value was observed for all readers regarding aneurysm remnants. Conclusion Photon-Counting CT-Angiography demonstrated adequate diagnostic value in most patients with intracranial clips. However, while coil artifacts were reduced, spectral reconstructions and iMAR were not sufficient to fully minimize these artifacts.