Haemodialysis catheters – a review of design and function

Hemodialysis (HD) catheters are a fundamental form of dialysis access. An appreciation of the principles of catheter design is important for practitioners involved in the insertion and maintenance of hemodialysis access. Although a wide range of styles and brands are available on the market, comparative clinical trials are lacking.This concise review outlines common dialysis catheter characteristics and summarizes their practical relevance. Materials and surface coatings, tip geometry, side holes, and lumen cross-sectional shape are discussed.HD catheter choice should be at the operator's discretion based on their best clinical judgment and experience. While device selection should be informed theoretic design principles, more important is a concentration on thoughtful catheter insertion and maintenance practices.