Genetic Underpinnings of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: A Scoping 2010–2024 Update

Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is a rare specific myocardial condition characterized by abnormal myocardium structure and/or function due to mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. This cardiac disorder results from mutations in mitochondrial DNA or nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial function. These mutations disrupt oxidative phosphorylation and consequently lead to energy deficit in the myocardial tissue and systemic symptoms due to impaired mitochondrial metabolism. In the current review, we aimed to highlight genetic and molecular underpinnings of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. The impact of mitochondrial DNA characteristics on mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, mutations in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, as well as diagnostic limitations and future therapies, will be presented in this work.