Spontaneous dynamic modulation of ionic/immune microenvironment on polyetheretherketone for sequential anti-infection and osseointegration

. In addition, the film can control the polarization time of cells by adjusting the thickness of the outer layer to meet the needs of different scenarios. This study demonstrates that the synergistic induction of ion microenvironment and immune microenvironment is a promising and safe surface modification strategy for bone implants.