Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence by in Situ Production of Coreactant Hydrogen Peroxide in Carbonate Aqueous Solution at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

An electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) system by in situ coreactant production, where Ru(bpy)32+ emission is generated at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, is presented. The system takes advantage of the unique properties of BDD to promote oxidation of carbonate (CO32-) into peroxydicarbonate (C2O62-), which further reacts with water to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which acts as a coreactant for Ru(bpy)32+ ECL. Investigation of the mechanism reveals that ECL emission is triggered by the reduction of H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals (OH•), which later react with the reduced Ru(bpy)3+ molecules to form excited states, followed by light emission. The ECL signal was found to increase with the concentration of CO32-; therefore, with the concentration of electrogenerated H2O2, although at the same time, higher concentrations of H2O2 can quench the ECL emission, resulting in a decrease in intensity. The carbonate concentration, pH, and oxidation parameters, such as potential and time, were optimized to find the best emission conditions.