观察研究
概化理论
医学
随机对照试验
梅德林
包裹体(矿物)
老年学
循证医学
环境卫生
家庭医学
荟萃分析
系统回顾
替代医学
心理学
内科学
病理
社会心理学
发展心理学
法学
政治学
作者
Laural English,Jamy D. Ard,Regan L Bailey,Marlana Bates,Lydia A. Bazzano,Carol J. Boushey,Clarissa Brown,Gisela Butera,Emily Callahan,Janet de Jesus,Richard D. Mattes,Elizabeth J. Mayer‐Davis,Rachel Novotny,Julie Obbagy,Elizabeth Rahavi,Joan Sabaté,Linda Snetselaar,Eve Stoody,Linda Van Horn,Sudha Venkatramanan,Steven B. Heymsfield
出处
期刊:JAMA network open
[American Medical Association]
日期:2021-08-31
卷期号:4 (8): e2122277-e2122277
被引量:87
标识
DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277
摘要
Importance
The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee conducted a systematic review of existing research on diet and health to inform the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The committee answered this public health question: what is the association between dietary patterns consumed and all-cause mortality (ACM)? Objective
To ascertain the association between dietary patterns consumed and ACM. Evidence Review
Guided by an analytical framework and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria developed by the committee, the US Department of Agriculture’s Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase and dual-screened the results to identify articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and October 4, 2019. These studies evaluated dietary patterns and ACM in participants aged 2 years and older. The NESR team extracted data from and assessed risk of bias in included studies. Committee members synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence supporting the conclusion statements. Findings
A total of 1 randomized clinical trial and 152 observational studies were included in the review. Studies enrolled adults and older adults (aged 17-84 years at baseline) from 28 countries with high or very high Human Development Index; 53 studies originated from the US. Most studies were well designed, used rigorous methods, and had low or moderate risks of bias. Precision, directness, and generalizability were demonstrated across the body of evidence. Results across studies were highly consistent. Evidence suggested that dietary patterns in adults and older adults that involved higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, unsaturated vegetable oils, fish, and lean meat or poultry (when meat was included) were associated with a decreased risk of ACM. These healthy patterns were also relatively low in red and processed meat, high-fat dairy, and refined carbohydrates or sweets. Some of these dietary patterns also included intake of alcoholic beverages in moderation. Results based on additional analyses with confounding factors generally confirmed the robustness of main findings. Conclusions and Relevance
In this systematic review, consuming a nutrient-dense dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of death from all causes.