Associations of socioeconomic status and sleep disorder with depression among US adults

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), sleep disorder across adulthood and the prevalence of depression. Participants from the National health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2005∼2018) were included in the present study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between SES, sleep disorder and depression. Restricted cubic splines with 4 knots were used to explore the relationship between sleep time and depression. A total of 3021 (8.85%) individuals among 34128 participants reported depressive symptom. The multiple adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were 2.09 (1.78-2.46) for population with low SES, 4.12 (3.74-4.55) for individuals with sleep trouble, 1.84 (1.63-2.07) for insufficient sleep and 1.44 (1.21-1.72) for excessive sleep, respectively. In addition, significant U-shaped relationship between sleep time and depression, and joint effects of SES and sleep trouble in relationship to depression were found. SES, sleep disorder are associated with increased prevalence of depression. And our study supports an important role of healthy sleep habits and socioeconomic equity in improving mental health.