A multifunctional ionic liquid additive providing a solvation structure and electrostatic shielding layer for highly stable aqueous zinc ion batteries

Multifunctional ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate enhances AZIB stability by modifying Zn 2+ solvation and improving deposition via electrostatic shielding, achieving 92.7% retention at 10 A g −1 after 3000 cycles.