Regulating the Electric Double Layer via Cellulose Acetate Enabling Stable and Long-Lifetime Sodium Metal Batteries

and retained 80.4% capacity after 2000 cycles at a high discharge rate of 5 C. This work demonstrates a sustainable EDL regulating strategy using biomass-derived additives to stabilize Na metal anode, offering a versatile approach for manipulating interfacial electrochemistry in next-generation rechargeable batteries.