Oleanolic Acid Inhibits SCD1 Gene Expression to Ameliorate Fructose‐Induced Hepatosteatosis through SREBP1c‐Dependent and ‐Independent Mechanisms

The mechanisms of oleanolic acid (OA) regulating hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c/stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1 pathway to ameliorate fructose-induced hepatosteatosis are investigated.Rats treated with 10% w/v fructose solution are co-administered by OA for 5 weeks, and then sacrifice after fasting for 14 h. OA reverses the fructose-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and downregulates Scd1 mRNA expression. However, two upstream transcription factors, ChREBP and SREBP1c, remain at normal levels with or without fructose and/or OA. In vivo and in vitro studies using SREBP1c-/- mice and HepG2 cell models show that OA also inhibits SCD1 gene overexpression and high hepatic TG levels induced by fructose. On the other hand, in SCD1-/- mice, when the fructose diet is supplemented with high levels of oleic acid (OLA) to compensate for the deficiency of SCD1, OA inhibits hepatic SREBP1c and lipogenic gene expression and reduces hepatic OLA (C18:1) production to improve fructose and/or OLA induced liver lipid deposition. Furthermore, OA promotes PPARα and AMPK to enhance fatty acid oxidation in fructose + OLA-fed SCD1-/- mice.OA may inhibit SCD1 gene expression to ameliorate fructose-induced hepatosteatosis through SREBP1c-dependent and -independent mechanisms.