Simultaneously enhancing strength-ductility synergy and strain hardenability via Si-alloying in medium-Al FeMnAlC lightweight steels

We studied the initial microstructures, mechanical responses and deformation-induced microstructures of the medium-Al Fe-21Mn-6Al-1C-xSi (x = 0, 1.5, 3 wt.%) lightweight steels both in their solution-treated and aged states. Our results reveal that nano-sized long-range ordered domains exist in the solution-treated steels, which feature L12 type ordering in the 0Si and 1.5Si steels and L′12 type ordering in the 3Si steel. Aging at 550 °C for 20 h has little effect on the microstructures of the 0Si steel, but leads to κ′-carbide precipitation in the 1.5Si steel. For the 3Si steel, aging at 550 °C for 1 h already results in the precipitation of uniformly-distributed nano-sized κ′-carbides (4.2 nm). The strength, ductility and strain hardenability of the solution-treated steels all enhance with increasing Si content. The yield strength (YS) of the aged steels with κ′-carbides enhances with increasing aging time, accompanied by the reduction of ductility. The short-time (1 h) aged 3Si steel exhibits excellent strength-ductility synergy, with YS > 900 MPa and total elongation > 50%. The increase in YS with Si addition originates from the grain boundary, solid-solution and order strengthening. For the 0Si steel, the strain hardening is governed by the evolution of high-density dislocation walls and microbands. The occurrence of both dynamic slip band refinement (DSBR) and twinning-induced plasticity effects in the 3Si steel accounts for the increase of strain hardenability with Si-alloying. The DSBR effect still exists and the progressively-formed slip bands are homogeneously distributed in the short-time aged 3Si steel, explaining its high ductility.