A Potential Strategy for Treating Parkinson's Disease Through Intranasal Nanoemulsions

Intranasal delivery has great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver the drug molecule into the central nervous system faster than the traditional methods. The olfactory neuronal and trigeminal pathways both are involved in intranasal delivery. The nano-technology is an innovative strategy for the nose to brain delivery. The mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation is a modified technology that increases the duration of drug accumulation and provides prolonged delivery at a targeted site. The nanoemulsion formulation oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant components maintain lower surface tension and particle coalescence. The globule dimension and zeta potential are affected in brain targeting. The globule size of the innovative formulation should be < 200 nm for drug permeation because, in humans, the average axon magnitude ranges from around 100 to 700 nm. Furthermore, modified technology of nanoemulsions like nanogel and nanoemulsion in-situ gel provide a great advantage to cure neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, focusing on the innovative pharmaceutical approaches of nanoemulsion in intranasal drug delivery, the current review provides insight into the applications of nanoemulsion in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, which are due to the depletion of dopamine in substania nigra resulting in cardinal motor activity bradykinesia and tremors. The review also touches upon the pathways for intranasal delivery of nanoemulsion, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, and the future direction of the research on intranasal nanoemulsion.